{"generatedAt":"2026-11-08T09:12:00.806726+00:00","source":"Historical elected-office records; Ateneo Policy Center historical election data (2004–2016); official 20th Congress roster; and cited public family-relationship sources","years":[2004,2007,2010,2013,2016,2019,2022,2025],"scope":"Deduplicated elected office records in archived historical archive data for national and local offices from 2004–2025, supplemented with the local 20th Congress district and party-list roster and cited current roles/family links. This is not a complete national/local officeholder roster and is not a 2028 candidate list.","recordsScope":"The records array contains officeholders whose linked-family records meet the displayed one-at-a-time criterion in one or more modeled years. The families object retains linked historical family-member office records for context.","peopleScope":"One row per normalized full name. Each row retains all recorded office terms, source person identities and family groups; a display grouping does not infer a family relationship between namesakes. Power order uses the highest recorded office: President, Vice President, Senator, Representative, Governor, Vice Governor, Mayor, Vice Mayor, Provincial Board Member, Councilor, Barangay Captain.","reviewedOnlineSources":[{"title":"Philippine Embassy · President and public service history","url":"https://philembassy.org.nz/about/the-president","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"Philippine Consulate · 2022 presidential election","url":"https://newyorkpcg.org/pcgny/about/the-philippine-president/","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"Senate · Imee Marcos service history","url":"https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/performance/performance%20of%20the%20senate%2019th%20congress1st%20regular%20session.pdf","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"COMELEC Senate proclamation · Philstar reporting","url":"https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2025/05/18/2443908/comelec-proclaims-winning-senators","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"PIA · Sandro Marcos 2022 oath and father–son relationship","url":"https://mirror.pia.gov.ph/news/2022/06/29/sandro-marcos-takes-oath-pledges-to-bring-pride-in-congress","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"House of Representatives · 20th Congress roster","url":"https://www.congress.gov.ph/house-members","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"GMA · Ilocos Norte 2025 proclamations and family relationships","url":"https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/946038/cecilia-araneta-marcos-matthew-manotoc-proclaimed-ilocos-norte-gov-vice-gov/story/","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"DBM · 2021 government directory","url":"https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/AboutDBM/2021-Philippine-Government-Directory-of-Agencies-and-Officials.pdf","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"DBM · 2023 government directory","url":"https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/AboutDBM/FINAL-2023-Phil-Govt-Directory-of-Agencies-and-Officials-%28for-posting%29-DEC29.pdf","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"Camarines Sur government · 2025 inauguration and former governor terms","url":"https://www.camsur.com/latest-pr/44","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"Camarines Sur government · LRay service history","url":"https://camarinessur.gov.ph/about/profile","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"Manila Bulletin · Villafuerte 2022 results and father–son links","url":"https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/23/villafuertes-on-top-andayas-alfelors-fall-as-poll-dust-settles-in-camarines-sur/","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"Inquirer · Migz takes over governorship from father in 2013","url":"https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/436551/lray-villafuerte-passes-reins-of-provincial-govt-to-son","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"DILG Region V · governor directory for 2016–2019 term","url":"https://region5.dilg.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/masterlist_jan11_2019-for-web.pdf","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"PIA · Pineda mother and son 2025 proclamations and past terms","url":"https://pia.gov.ph/news/luzon/cl/pinedas-retain-top-posts-in-pampanga-capitol/","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"PNA · Dennis Pineda 2019 proclamation and mother–son relationship","url":"https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1070124","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"PIA · Dennis Pineda second governor term, 2022","url":"https://mirror.pia.gov.ph/news/2022/06/21/pampanga-governor-takes-oathfor-2nd-term","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"Inquirer · Pineda mother, son, daughter and grandson elected in 2025","url":"https://www.inquirer.net/446754/not-dynasty-but-devotion-says-pineda-as-she-takes-oath-as-pampanga-gov/","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"Lubao municipal government · elected officials","url":"https://www.lubao.gov.ph/government/elected-officials/","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"PCIJ · 2025 regional election outcomes and named family relationships","url":"https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06","publishedAt":"2025-05-19"},{"title":"PDP Laban · Carmelo Jon Lazatin II biography and family","url":"https://pdplaban.org.ph/carmelo-jon-lazatin-ii/","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"Angeles City · Mayor Jon Lazatin II oath, July 2025","url":"https://angelescity.gov.ph/angeles-city-honors-new-beginning-as-mayor-jon-lazatin-takes-oath/","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},{"title":"House · Carmelo Lazatin Jr., 20th Congress","url":"https://www.congress.gov.ph/house-members/view/L097","reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"}],"onlineEnrichment":{"reviewedPeople":43,"reviewedOfficeTerms":75,"reviewedFamilyGroups":13,"explicitRelationshipEdges":24,"addedOfficeRows":62,"replacedArchiveRows":64,"enrichedHouseSeats":13,"reviewedAt":"2026-11-06"},"method":{"noVoteRule":"A red marker means at least two distinct linked family members held office in the same modeled calendar year. A family with exactly one local and one national officeholder in that year is excluded. Links come from historical archive-verified relationships, shared historical archive dynasty_family_id, or specifically cited public family sources; shared surnames alone do not count.","aliases":"Official names remain the primary display and identity fields. Usable historical archive nickname-field values and separately cited public aliases are preserved as aliases for search, display, details, and export. Date-like values and a short list of known agency abbreviations are excluded. Nicknames never determine family links or identity merges.","officeLevels":"President/vice president, senators, and House/party-list representatives are classified as national. Governors, vice governors, mayors, vice mayors, provincial board members, and councilors are classified as local.","terms":"President/vice president and senators are modeled as six-year terms; other included elected positions as three-year terms, based on the election year in historical archive. Partial final calendar years are included in overlap checks.","familyLinks":"Uses historical archive relationship records marked verified=true (family relationship types 1–20), source dynasty_family_id values, cited public family links, and source-linked family-parser edges with explicit kinship types and confidence >= 8/10. Family-parser edges connect to the 20th House roster only on exact full-name matches or unique first+last aliases, and connect to another elected officeholder only when that name resolves uniquely. Political allies, succession claims, same-person labels, vague dynasty labels, and surname-only matching are excluded. Duplicate person IDs are consolidated only with an exact full name inside a linked family group or on the same fully identified local seat. Repeated copies of one national office or House seat in the same election year are collapsed; distinct House districts remain separate.","archiveFamilyPageScreen":"A separate broad coverage count matches current district representatives to the archived historical archive family-page grouping by exact province and surname where at least two distinct officials in the historical 2004–2016 records carry the historical archive dynasty-screen flag. The match does not establish that the current representative is related to those officials or that they held office concurrently. It is not proof of kinship and never creates a family edge or NO mark.","localNameDeduplication":"The documented Ginatilan entries Karyn Duterte and Karyn James Duterte are consolidated as one person using public reporting. This is a specific source-backed alias reconciliation, not a general first+last or shared-surname merge.","historicalElectionData":"The Ateneo Policy Center historical election dataset adds 2004–2016 elected-office records and a separate dynasty-screen flag. Its flag is not a person-to-person relationship and never establishes a person-to-person family link or creates a red marker. historical archive congressman display/full-name variants are used only as unique name aliases; congressman family_connections fields list contractor entities, so they are excluded from family-link evidence. Party-list membership rows are an identity/seat source, not kinship evidence.","limitations":"The archived historical archive records remain incomplete and vary by election year and office. All 311 current district and party-list House seats are represented from the locally captured 20th Congress roster; exact historical archive and cited-kinship match counts are reported in the summary. The historical election dataset adds records where historical archive rows were absent, but historical 2019 coverage and 2022/2025 local-office coverage remain sparse. historical archive fat=1 and the Ateneo dynasty flag are screening markers only; neither is proof of a specific kinship link and neither independently creates a family group or NO vote. Some source rows or relationships may still be omitted or misclassified. NO years use inclusive modeled calendar-year windows; check linked evidence and official records before relying on a marker. No NO means this incomplete screen found no qualifying overlap, not that an official has no family ties."},"summary":{"officialRows":108036,"uniqueScreenedNames":182,"uniqueNamesWithVerifiedPortrait":64,"uniqueNamesWithoutVerifiedPortrait":118,"screenedSourcePersonIdentities":181,"uniqueNamesByYear":{"2004":31,"2007":44,"2010":65,"2013":78,"2016":71,"2019":10,"2022":28,"2025":61},"noVoteRows":401,"noVoteRowsWithKnownAliases":156,"familyGroupsWithQualifyingTerms":67,"duplicatePersonIdsConsolidatedWithinFamilies":52,"duplicateOfficeRowsRemoved":471,"asogHistoricalElectionRowsRead":86234,"asogDynastyScreenFlaggedElectionRows":23005,"asogRowsMatchedToHistoricalPersonIdentity":84089,"asogAdditionalHistoricalOfficeRows":2245,"asogUnmatchedOrAmbiguousIdentityRows":2145,"archiveCongressmanProfilesRead":430,"archiveCongressmanUniqueNameVariantPairs":8,"DuterteNameVariantsDeduplicated":1,"senateSnapshotRowsCorrectedTo2022Term":9,"senateNameVariantsNormalized":0,"misclassifiedSenateRowsRemoved":1,"currentHouseRosterRows":311,"currentHouseHistoricalExactNameMatches":126,"currentHouseHistoricalDynastyFlagMatches":60,"currentHouseHistoricalIdentityLinkedRows":35,"currentHouseCitedKinshipLinkMatches":26,"currentHouseFamilyLinkedRows":47,"currentHouseHistoricalFamilyPageGroupMatches":130,"currentHouseNoVoteRows":26,"citedKinshipEdgesUsed":41,"currentHouseRosterSource":"https://www.congress.gov.ph/house-members","byYear":{"2004":{"rows":20197,"noVoteRows":32},"2007":{"rows":19460,"noVoteRows":45},"2010":{"rows":20882,"noVoteRows":69},"2013":{"rows":20346,"noVoteRows":80},"2016":{"rows":23514,"noVoteRows":75},"2019":{"rows":10,"noVoteRows":10},"2022":{"rows":2770,"noVoteRows":28},"2025":{"rows":857,"noVoteRows":62}},"byOffice":{"Barangay captain":{"rows":2,"noVoteRows":2},"Congress / party-list representative":{"rows":1749,"noVoteRows":148},"Councilor":{"rows":72827,"noVoteRows":31},"Governor":{"rows":900,"noVoteRows":74},"Mayor":{"rows":19561,"noVoteRows":96},"President / Vice President":{"rows":3,"noVoteRows":3},"Provincial board member":{"rows":4400,"noVoteRows":9},"Senator":{"rows":29,"noVoteRows":13},"Vice Governor":{"rows":425,"noVoteRows":15},"Vice Mayor":{"rows":8140,"noVoteRows":10}}},"documentedFamilyLinks":[{"key":"source-family:duterte","members":["RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE","SARA Z. DUTERTE-CARPIO","PAOLO Z. DUTERTE","SEBASTIAN Z. DUTERTE","OMAR VINCENT S. DUTERTE","RODRIGO \"RIGO\" S. DUTERTE II","HAROLD JAMES TAPANGAN DUTERTE"],"basis":"Publicly documented Duterte family relationships; no shared-surname matching.","sources":["https://votepilipinas.com/candidate/duterte-sara.html","https://pco.gov.ph/photo12-063016/","https://www.pulongduterte.com/the-congressman","https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/pulong-sons-take-oath","https://pcij.org/2026/05/25/7-reasons-why-the-party-list-system-serves-dynasties-not-democracy/"]},{"key":"source-family:villar","members":["MARK VILLAR","CAMILLE VILLAR"],"basis":"Publicly documented siblings; both held Senate seats concurrently from 2025.","sources":["https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/5/17/camille-villar-proclaimed-senator-elect-to-join-brother-at-senate-1608","https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/964033/saln-senators/story/"]},{"key":"source-family:tulfo","members":["RAFFY TULFO","ERWIN TULFO","RALPH WENDEL TULFO","JOCELYN P TULFO"],"basis":"Publicly documented siblings, spouses, and parent–child links among current officeholders.","sources":["https://qa.philstar.com/headlines/2024/10/07/2390588/while-aiming-join-brother-senate-erwin-tulfo-backs-political-dynasty-ban","https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/senators/sen_bio/tulfo_raffy_bio.asp","https://verafiles.org/articles/fact-sheet-what-happens-when-fat-dynasties-become-obese","https://www.congress.gov.ph/house-members"]},{"key":"source-family:cayetano","members":["ALAN PETER CAYETANO","PIA CAYETANO","MARIA CAYETANO"],"basis":"Publicly documented siblings and spouses; Alan and Pia are siblings, and Alan is married to Lani (Maria) Cayetano.","sources":["https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/senators/sen_bio/cayetano_alanpeter_bio.asp","https://senate.gov.ph/media/news-release/power-couple-alan-and-lani-cayetano-a-story-of-love-and-success-2","https://mb.com.ph/2025/05/14/sweet-sweep-victory-lani-cayetano-grateful-for-big-win-in-taguig"]},{"key":"source-family:sotto","members":["TITO SOTTO","GIAN CARLO SOTTO","VICO SOTTO"],"basis":"Publicly documented father–son and uncle–nephew relationships among current officeholders.","sources":["https://mb.com.ph/2022/2/6/sotto-denies-family-an-emerging-dynasty-in-ph-politics","https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2022/0120_prib1.asp","https://quezoncity.gov.ph/proclamation-of-quezon-city-local-candidates/","https://mb.com.ph/2025/05/13/domagoso-reelected-in-manila-10-incumbent-mayors-win-fresh-mandates"]},{"key":"source-family:dy-reviewed","members":["FAUSTINO G. DY III","IAN PAUL L. DY","FAUSTINO MICHAEL CARLOS DY III","FRANCIS FAUSTINO DY","FAUSTINO DY V","ALYSSA SHEENA TAN-DY"],"basis":"Current Isabela House members are linked using the family relationships disclosed in Faustino Dy III’s 2025 SALN and corroborating election reporting; no surname-only matching. Named family relationships and elected offices in cited reporting; source years retained.","sources":["https://qa.philstar.com/headlines/2025/10/22/2481770/house-speaker-bojie-dy-declares-p74-m-net-worth-16-relatives-govt","https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1156187","https://www.congress.gov.ph/house-members","https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/"],"relationships":[{"person1":"FAUSTINO G. DY III","person2":"FRANCIS FAUSTINO DY","relationship":"father–son","sourceUrl":"https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/"},{"person1":"FRANCIS FAUSTINO DY","person2":"FAUSTINO DY V","relationship":"brothers","sourceUrl":"https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/"},{"person1":"FAUSTINO DY V","person2":"ALYSSA SHEENA TAN-DY","relationship":"spouses","sourceUrl":"https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/"}]},{"key":"source-family:garcia-bataan-reviewed","members":["ALBERT S. GARCIA","MARIA ANGELA S. GARCIA"],"basis":"Bataan reporting identifies Albert and Maria Angela Garcia as siblings; local-government and House records identify their current seats.","sources":["https://punto.com.ph/2-house-bets-in-bataan-running-unopposed/","https://bataan.gov.ph/government-officials/bataan-representatives/2nd-district/albert-s-garcia/","https://bataan.gov.ph/government-officials/representatives/3rd-district/maria-angela-s-garcia/"]},{"key":"source-family:kho-masbate-reviewed","members":["ANTONIO T. KHO","WILTON TAN KHO"],"basis":"Inquirer reporting identifies Wilton Kho as Antonio Kho’s son; House records identify their current district seats.","sources":["https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1597072/no-stopping-dynasts-in-w-visayas-masbate","https://www.congress.gov.ph/house-members/view/A044","https://www.congress.gov.ph/house-members/view/J046"]},{"key":"source-family:marcos-reviewed","members":["FERDINAND MARCOS JR.","IMEE MARCOS","SANDRO MARCOS","MATTHEW MANOTOC","CECILIA ARANETA-MARCOS"],"basis":"Cited sibling, parent–child and related-by-marriage links; no surname-only matching.","sources":["https://philembassy.org.nz/about/the-president","https://mirror.pia.gov.ph/news/2022/06/29/sandro-marcos-takes-oath-pledges-to-bring-pride-in-congress","https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/946038/cecilia-araneta-marcos-matthew-manotoc-proclaimed-ilocos-norte-gov-vice-gov/story/"]},{"key":"source-family:villafuerte-reviewed","members":["LUIS RAYMUND VILLAFUERTE JR.","MIGUEL LUIS VILLAFUERTE","LUIGI VILLAFUERTE"],"basis":"Cited father–son links between LRay and sons Migz and Luigi.","sources":["https://mb.com.ph/2022/05/23/villafuertes-on-top-andayas-alfelors-fall-as-poll-dust-settles-in-camarines-sur/","https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/436551/lray-villafuerte-passes-reins-of-provincial-govt-to-son"]},{"key":"source-family:pineda-reviewed","members":["LILIA PINEDA","DENNIS PINEDA","ESMERALDA G. PINEDA","JAYSON P. VICTORINO"],"basis":"Cited mother–son, mother–daughter and parent–child links.","sources":["https://pia.gov.ph/news/luzon/cl/pinedas-retain-top-posts-in-pampanga-capitol/","https://www.inquirer.net/446754/not-dynasty-but-devotion-says-pineda-as-she-takes-oath-as-pampanga-gov/"]},{"key":"source-family:bernos-reviewed","members":["JOSEPH BERNOS","DANIELLE BERNOS","ESTHER BERNOS"],"basis":"Named family relationships and elected offices in cited reporting; source years retained.","sources":["https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/"],"relationships":[{"person1":"JOSEPH BERNOS","person2":"DANIELLE BERNOS","relationship":"father–daughter","sourceUrl":"https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/"},{"person1":"ESTHER BERNOS","person2":"JOSEPH BERNOS","relationship":"mother–son","sourceUrl":"https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/"}]},{"key":"source-family:bulut-reviewed","members":["ELIAS BULUT JR.","ELEANOR BEGTANG","KYLE MARIAH CHELSEA BULUT","SHAMIR BULUT"],"basis":"Named family relationships and elected offices in cited reporting; source years retained.","sources":["https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/"],"relationships":[{"person1":"ELIAS BULUT JR.","person2":"ELEANOR BEGTANG","relationship":"brother–sister","sourceUrl":"https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/"},{"person1":"ELIAS BULUT JR.","person2":"KYLE MARIAH CHELSEA BULUT","relationship":"father–daughter","sourceUrl":"https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/"},{"person1":"ELIAS BULUT JR.","person2":"SHAMIR BULUT","relationship":"brothers","sourceUrl":"https://pcij.org/2025/05/19/how-philippine-regions-voted-few-victories-versus-dynasties-but-reform-hopes-rise-for-2028-presidential-campaign/"}]},{"key":"source-family:guico-reviewed","members":["RAMON GUICO III","RAMON GUICO JR.","RAMON RONALD GUICO IV"],"basis":"Named family relationships and elected offices in cited reporting; 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